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pH-responsive antibacterial nanomaterials are a new type of nanomaterials that can selectively undergo structural changes and trigger drug release according to significant pH differences produced by the body under physiological and pathological conditions. The formation of acidic microenvironment in plaque is the key to the pathogenicity of oral plaque biofilm, which also creates conditions for the oral application of pH-responsive antibacterial nanomaterials. pH-responsive antibacterial nanomaterials can respond to changes in pH of plaque microenvironment and accurately control the release of antibacterial drugs, providing a new direction for improving drug efficacy and targeted antibacterial. The present article reviews the classification, mechanism and application of pH-responsive antibacterial nanomaterials in oral plaque inhibition.
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OBJECTIVES@#To study the effect of levothyroxine sodium tablets on the growth and development and thyroid function in preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction.@*METHODS@#A retrospective analysis was performed for 82 preterm infants who were born in the Department of Obstetrics of the First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2017, and these infants were hospitalized after birth in the Department of Neonatology of the hospital. They were regularly followed up to observe growth and development and thyroid function at the outpatient service of the Department of Neonatology. According to thyroid function test results, they were divided into an abnormal thyroid function group (observation group; @*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in physical development indices (body length, body weight, and head circumference) between the observation and control groups at various gestational ages after follow-up to the corrected age of 12 months (@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early diagnosis and reasonable treatment can reduce the impact on growth and development in preterm infants with thyroid dysfunction. Most preterm infants tend to have transient thyroid dysfunction, while those with positive results of neonatal screening are more likely to develop permanent thyroid dysfunction.
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Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , China , Follow-Up Studies , Gestational Age , Infant, Premature , Pharmaceutical Preparations , Retrospective Studies , Thyroid GlandABSTRACT
The poor survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compromises the efficacy of stem cell therapy.Growth factor deprivation is one of the important factors that have challenged the survival of donor MSCs in cell therapy.In this study,the aim was to evaluate the effect of serum deprivation on the cell death of MSCs and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.Apoptosis of MSCs was evaluated with Hoechst 33342/PI staining.Signaling pathways involved in serum-deprivation induced apoptosis were analyzed using Western blotting.The results revealed that serum deprivation induced apoptosis in MSCs within 72 h of treatment.Serum deprivation was shown to lead to protein expression alterations in Bax,Bcl-2,casepase-3,casepase-8,GRP78,and CHOP during experiments.The data suggested that the mitochondria death pathway,the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the endoplastic reticulum(ER) stress pathway were all involved in MSCs apoptosis.The increase in expression of CHOP and the simultaneous decrease in Bcl-2 expression suggest a synergistic effect in apoptosis induction in both the mitochondrion and the ER.
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The poor survival of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) compromises the efficacy of stem cell therapy.Growth factor deprivation is one of the important factors that have challenged the survival of donor MSCs in cell therapy.In this study,the aim was to evaluate the effect of serum deprivation on the cell death of MSCs and to investigate the underlying mechanisms.Apoptosis of MSCs was evaluated with Hoechst 33342/PI staining.Signaling pathways involved in serum-deprivation induced apoptosis were analyzed using Western blotting.The results revealed that serum deprivation induced apoptosis in MSCs within 72 h of treatment.Serum deprivation was shown to lead to protein expression alterations in Bax,Bcl-2,casepase-3,casepase-8,GRP78,and CHOP during experiments.The data suggested that the mitochondria death pathway,the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and the endoplastic reticulum(ER) stress pathway were all involved in MSCs apoptosis.The increase in expression of CHOP and the simultaneous decrease in Bcl-2 expression suggest a synergistic effect in apoptosis induction in both the mitochondrion and the ER.
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Hederagenin is an effective constituent of many medical plants, such as Clematidis Radix, and has a wide range of applications in anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, hepatoprotective antibacterial, et al. In order to obtain the efficient production of yeast cells for hederagenin,we successfully cloned and screened out a P450 gene MdMA02 from Malus×domestica which can catalyze oleanolic acid C-23 oxidation with our developed plug and play platform. Its amino acid homology is only 32% as compared to characterized CYP72A68v2. By transforming MdMA02 to the oleanolic acid-producing strain BY-OA, a hederagenin-producing strain was constructed and hederagenin's titer could achieve 101 mg·L⁻¹ using high cell density fermentation, which was 337 times higher than in shake flasks culturing. This study provides a basis for further research on promoting the creation of oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpenoids biosynthetic pathway analysis and relative cell factories construction.
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Objective To evaluate the effects of a self-designed multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector on preventing catheter-associated urinary infection in patients with long-term indwelling catheters.Methods A total of 100 elderly males with indwelling catheters from 10 nursing homes in our city were selected and randomly divided into the control group (n=50) and the experimental group (n=50) from January 2013 to December 2015.The patients in the control group were indwelled with Foley catheters and connected with an ordinary disposable drainage bags;the patients in the experimental group were indwelled the same catheters and connected to disposable drainage bags with an multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector.Patients' urine in catheters and drainage bags from two groups were collected for urine culture on 7th,14th,21st,28th days.The cases of catheter plugging on the 7th,14th,21st,28th days and the cases of catheter encrustation on 28th day in two groups were recorded.Results The cases of bacteriuria on the 7th,14th,21st,28th days in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05),and were also significantly less than those in the drainage bags in the same group (P＜0.05).The cases of catheter plugging on the 7th,14th,21st,28th days were not significantly different between two groups(P＞0.05).The cases of catheter encrustation on the 28th day in the experimental group were significantly less than those in the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion Multi-function anti-reflux drainage connector can safely and effectively prevent catheter-associated urinary infection,reducing bacteria ascending with reflux of urine as well as catheter encrustation.
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Nerolidol is an important constituent of terpenoid essential oil and has excellent anti-tumor, anti-bacterial, and anti-oxidative properties. For realizing heterogenous production of nerolidol, our research firstly integrated the codon-optimized Actinidia sinensis nerolidol synthase gene (NES) into the terpenoid chassis strain FPP-001, and obtained NES-001 that could produce 2.71 mg•L⁻¹ nerolidol. Then, the N-terminal of the NES was fused with FPS by linker peptide GGGS. With this strategy, nerolidol production improved by 59.80-fold, reaching 162.07 mg•L⁻¹. Finally, by introduction of auxotrophic marker TRP1 in NES-002, the resulting strain NES-003 could produce 1 711.53 mg•L⁻¹ by high cell density fermentation method. This study provides the basis for the fermentative production of nerolidol and other sesquiterpenoids.
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Objective To investigate the potential possibilities of specific microRNA in plasma as novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).Methods This research was be segmented into 4 stages.1.Screened candidate microRNAs:5 candidate plasma microRNAs were detected by biochips of microRNAs,corresponding 5 JIA patients with onset of oligoarthritis,5 JIA patients with onset of polyarthritis and 3 age-matched and sex-matched healthy controls individual.2.The feasibility of the microRNAs as novel biomarkers was validated by Realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in plasma on 80 JIA patients (43 oligoarthritis,37 polyarthritis),29 juvenile ankylosing spondylitis(JAS) patients and 30 healthy control individuals.3.The change of microRNAs was observed by RT-PCR in plasma from another 9 JIA patients before and 3 months after anti-rheumatic drug treatment.4.The correlation between the levels of candidate plasma microRNAs and clinical parameters of JIA patients was analyzed.Results Plasma concentrations of miR-16,miR-146a and miR-223 in JIA patients,including oligoarthritis and polyarthritis,were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (all P ＜ 0.05) and JAS patients (all P ＜ 0.001),and plasma concentration of miR-132 in JIA were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects and JAS patients (all P ＜ 0.001).Although the plasma concentration of miR-16 in polyarthritis JIA patients was considerably higher than that in oligoarthritis JIA patients (all P ＜ 0.01),the plasma concentrations of miR-146a,miR-223 and miR-132 were no difference between the 2 subtypes of JIA(all P ＞0.05).More importantly,it was found that the expression of miR-16 was considerably reduced in the post-treatment plasma samples when compared to the pre-treatment samples(P =0.061).In addition,the levels of miR-16 in JIA plasma inversely corrected with tender joint.Conclusions Plasma levels of miR-16 were well-discriminated between JIA patients and healthy subjects or JAS patients.It is suggested that plasma miR-16 might serve as a novel and potential biomarker for screening JIA.Furthermore,it might serve as a novel biomarker for joint inflammation but not specifically for differentiating the subtypes of JIA.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum on blood flow volume of abdominal organs of rabbits with controlled hemorrhagic shock model and liver impact injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After controlled hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries, the rabbit model was established. Eighteen rabbits subjected to hemorrhagic shock and liver impact injuries were divided into 3 groups randomly according to the volume of lost blood: light hemorrhagic shock (blood loss volume was 10%, 6 ml/kg), moderate hemorrhagic shock (20%, 12 ml/kg) and severe hemorrhagic shock (40%, 22 ml/kg). Intraabdominal pressures of CO(2) pneumoperitoneum was 10 mmHg. Color-labeled microspheres were used to measure the blood flow volume of the liver, kidney and stomach before pneumoperitoneum at 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum and 30 minutes after deflation. And the mortality and hepatic traumatic condition of rabbits were recorded.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of the 18 rabbits, there were 9 with liver impact injuries at Grade I , 8 at Grade II and 1 at Grade III (according to AIS-2005). The mortality rate in light hemorrhagic shock group was 33.33%, and that in moderate or severe hemorrhagic shock group was 100% within 30 minutes and 2 hours after pneumoperitoneum, respectively. The blood flow volume in the organs detected decreased at 30 minutes under pneumoperitoneum in light and moderate hemorrhagic shock groups. At the same time, the blood flow volume of the liver in moderate hemorrhagic shock group decreased more significantly than that in light hemorrhagic shock group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The blood flow volume of abdominal organs in rabbits is decreased obviously under CO(2) pneumoperitoneum, with fairly high mortality rate. It is believed that CO(2) pneumoperitoneum should cautiously be used in abdominal injury accompanied with hemorrhagic shock, especially under non-resuscitation conditions.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Abdominal Injuries , Diagnosis , Blood Volume , Carbon Dioxide , Liver , Wounds and Injuries , Pneumoperitoneum, Artificial , Regional Blood Flow , Shock, HemorrhagicABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To summarize the experience of the treatment of traumatic hepatorrhexis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 209 cases of liver trauma treated in the three affiliated hospitals of the Third Military Medical University from 1989 to 1999 were retrospectively analyzed. Among the 209 patients, 108 (51.7%) had Grade III or more severe liver injury. Operative treatment was performed in 186 cases and preservative treatment in 23.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the operated group, 169 patients were cured. The complications occurred in 18 patients and 17 of them died. In the non-operated group, the complications occurred in 22 patients and only 1 of them died.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Severe injury and delayed treatment are two major factors leading to death from liver injuries. Surgical intervention is still the principal measure to treat traumatic hepatorrhexis. The indications for non-operative treatment should be carefully selected.</p>
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Age Distribution , China , Epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Combined Modality Therapy , Follow-Up Studies , Hepatectomy , Methods , Hospitals, University , Incidence , Injury Severity Score , Liver , Wounds and Injuries , Retrospective Studies , Risk Assessment , Sex Distribution , Survival Analysis , Treatment Outcome , Wounds and Injuries , Diagnosis , Epidemiology , TherapeuticsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role and clinical value of radionuclide imaging in hepatic impact injuries in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rabbits were experimentally impacted on the liver with BIM-IV bio-impact machine. Liver imaging was performed with 99mTc labeled sodium phytate. Liver blood pool imaging was performed with 99mTc-stannous pyrophosphate labeled red blood cells. The results of radionuclide imaging were compared with the anatomic results.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was significant difference between the images of the injured liver and the control. Radio diminution and defect were shown in the injured liver areas. Various sorts of abnormal radioactivity distribution were observed with hepatic blood pool imaging. The results of the liver imaging and liver blood pool imaging were accorded with the results of the anatomic findings.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Radionuclide imaging may well display the changes of hepatocellular structures and functions after injury, which is valuable in locating the concrete injured position and differentiating the injured degrees of liver.</p>